Knowledge Graph

Explore 88 knowledge entities connected by 168 source-reviewed relationships across 11 traditions.

88 knowledge entities across 9 traditions, connected by 168 source-reviewed relationships (26 types). Each tradition page lists all entities and their connections. Unreviewed relationship candidates are withheld until their evidence is registered.

Taoism 27 internal connections · 16 cross-tradition connections

Liezi 列子

Taoism · book

Tao

Taoism · concept
54 related cards
Wu Wei Conceptually related: Living in harmony with the Tao naturally manifests as wu wei
Te Interpretively related: Te is the power that arises from alignment with the Tao
Laozi Interpretively related: The Tao Te Ching is traditionally attributed to Laozi and is one of the foundational texts of Taoist thought.
Qi Interpretively related: Qi is the dynamic manifestation of the Tao in living beings
Zhuangzi Conceptually related: Zhuangzi's philosophy is grounded in the Tao as the ultimate reality
Legalism Interpretively related: Legalism and Taoism both emerged during the same Warring States period but offer opposing visions of governance
Stoicism Interpretively related: Both teach acceptance of what is — Stoic amor fati (love of fate) and Taoist wu wei (effortless action) — but from different frameworks: Stoic rational acceptance vs Taoist natural spontaneity.
Zen (Chan Buddhism) Interpretively related: Both value spontaneity and direct experience — Zen sudden enlightenment vs Taoist ziran (naturalness) — but from different philosophical foundations.
Ziran Conceptually related: Ziran (自然, 'self-so') is a central Taoist notion of spontaneous, unforced unfolding, understood within the Taoist framework that takes the Tao as the ultimate source and pattern of things.
Water Conceptually related: Water is a recurring Taoist image for effortless, yielding, yet persistent action; the water metaphor is used to point back to the Tao's way of flowing without contention.

Water

Taoism · metaphor
3 related cards
Wu Wei Pedagogically related: Water is the perfect metaphor for wu wei — yielding yet irresistible
Yin Yang Exemplifies: Water's adaptability embodies the dynamic balance of yin and yang
Laozi Interpretively related: Laozi used Water as the central metaphor for yielding strength
Zhuangzi Pedagogically related: Zhuangzi uses water and yielding as metaphors for effective action
Tao Conceptually related: Water is a recurring Taoist image for effortless, yielding, yet persistent action; the water metaphor is used to point back to the Tao's way of flowing without contention.

Wu Wei 无为

Taoism · concept
4 related cards
Tao Conceptually related: Living in harmony with the Tao naturally manifests as wu wei
Water Pedagogically related: Water is the perfect metaphor for wu wei — yielding yet irresistible
Ziran Conceptually related: Wu wei and ziran are closely related Daoist concepts, not synonyms
Pu Interpretively related: Wu wei requires the simplicity of the uncarved block (pu)
Cook Ding Exemplifies: Cook Ding is the perfect parable of wu wei in action
Letting Go Interpretively related: Letting go is the emotional dimension of wu wei
Laozi Interpretively related: Laozi introduced Wu Wei as effortless action in harmony with the Tao
Zhi Comparatively related: Zhi in Confucianism parallels wu wei's intuitive wisdom in Taoism
Eightfold Path Comparatively related: Right Effort in Buddhism parallels wu wei's effortless action in Taoism
Zhuangzi Pedagogically related: Zhuangzi's parable of Cook Ding is the supreme illustration of wu wei
Ataraxia Interpretively related: Comparable to the Daoist concept of effortless action
Wu Xin (No-Mind) Interpretively related: Wu wei (effortless action) and wu xin (no-mind) are related concepts spanning Taoism and Chan/Zen Buddhism

Butterfly Dream 庄周梦蝶

Taoism · parable
1 related cards
Free and Easy Wandering Interpretively related: A later interpretive comparison can place the Butterfly Dream beside Free and Easy Wandering; the two passages are not interchangeable evidence
Zhuangzi Textually related: The Butterfly Dream is a passage in the received Zhuangzi associated with the Zhuang Zhou tradition; the narrated figure is Zhuang Zhou

Cook Ding 庖丁解牛

Taoism · parable
1 related cards
Wu Wei Exemplifies: Cook Ding is the perfect parable of wu wei in action
Zhuangzi Historically related: Cook Ding is Zhuangzi's parable of effortless skill

Free and Easy Wandering 逍遥游

Taoism · concept
1 related cards
Butterfly Dream Interpretively related: A later interpretive comparison can place the Butterfly Dream beside Free and Easy Wandering; the two passages are not interchangeable evidence
Zhuangzi Historically related: Free and Easy Wandering is the opening theme of the Zhuangzi

Pu

Taoism · concept
3 related cards
Wu Wei Interpretively related: Wu wei requires the simplicity of the uncarved block (pu)
Ziran Interpretively related: Ziran and pu both express the Taoist ideal of original simplicity
Laozi Interpretively related: Laozi used Pu as the metaphor of the uncarved block

Laozi 老子

Taoism · person
1 related cards
Tao Interpretively related: The Tao Te Ching is traditionally attributed to Laozi and is one of the foundational texts of Taoist thought.
Wu Wei Interpretively related: Laozi introduced Wu Wei as effortless action in harmony with the Tao
Te Interpretively related: Laozi expounded Te as the virtue that flows from alignment with the Tao
Pu Interpretively related: Laozi used Pu as the metaphor of the uncarved block
Ziran Interpretively related: Laozi taught Ziran as the principle of spontaneity and naturalness
Water Interpretively related: Laozi used Water as the central metaphor for yielding strength
Zhuangzi Conceptually related: Zhuangzi is the second major figure of philosophical Taoism after Laozi; Laozi is traditionally credited with the Daodejing and Zhuangzi with the Zhuangzi, and both stress alignment with the Dao and non-forcing (wu-wei).

Te

Taoism · concept
Tao Interpretively related: Te is the power that arises from alignment with the Tao
Laozi Interpretively related: Laozi expounded Te as the virtue that flows from alignment with the Tao

Ziran 自然

Taoism · concept
2 related cards
Wu Wei Conceptually related: Wu wei and ziran are closely related Daoist concepts, not synonyms
Pu Interpretively related: Ziran and pu both express the Taoist ideal of original simplicity
Piping of Heaven Conceptually related: The piping of heaven is the natural expression of ziran
Laozi Interpretively related: Laozi taught Ziran as the principle of spontaneity and naturalness
Zhuangzi Pedagogically related: Zhuangzi's philosophy centers on ziran (spontaneous self-so-ness)
Tao Conceptually related: Ziran (自然, 'self-so') is a central Taoist notion of spontaneous, unforced unfolding, understood within the Taoist framework that takes the Tao as the ultimate source and pattern of things.

Piping of Heaven 天籁

Taoism · concept
1 related cards
Ziran Conceptually related: The piping of heaven is the natural expression of ziran
Zhuangzi Historically related: The Piping of Heaven is Zhuangzi's metaphor for the self-so nature of reality

Zuowang 坐忘

Taoism · practice
1 related cards
Stillness Pedagogically related: Zuowang is the Taoist practice of stillness
Qi Pedagogically related: Zuowang meditation harmonizes the flow of qi
Zhuangzi Historically related: Zhuangzi describes zuowang (sitting in forgetfulness) in Chapter 6

Zhuangzi 庄子

Taoism · person
36 related cards
Tao Conceptually related: Zhuangzi's philosophy is grounded in the Tao as the ultimate reality
Wu Wei Pedagogically related: Zhuangzi's parable of Cook Ding is the supreme illustration of wu wei
Butterfly Dream Textually related: The Butterfly Dream is a passage in the received Zhuangzi associated with the Zhuang Zhou tradition; the narrated figure is Zhuang Zhou
Cook Ding Historically related: Cook Ding is Zhuangzi's parable of effortless skill
Zuowang Historically related: Zhuangzi describes zuowang (sitting in forgetfulness) in Chapter 6
Free and Easy Wandering Historically related: Free and Easy Wandering is the opening theme of the Zhuangzi
Piping of Heaven Historically related: The Piping of Heaven is Zhuangzi's metaphor for the self-so nature of reality
Ziran Pedagogically related: Zhuangzi's philosophy centers on ziran (spontaneous self-so-ness)
Water Pedagogically related: Zhuangzi uses water and yielding as metaphors for effective action
Laozi Conceptually related: Zhuangzi is the second major figure of philosophical Taoism after Laozi; Laozi is traditionally credited with the Daodejing and Zhuangzi with the Zhuangzi, and both stress alignment with the Dao and non-forcing (wu-wei).

Taoism 道家

Taoism · concept
Neo-Confucianism Interpretively related: Incorporated Daoist cosmological concepts
Stoicism Interpretively related: Taoism and Stoicism are both practical philosophies focused on living in harmony with the natural order
Buddhism Comparatively related: Laozi and the Buddha both counsel dropping forced striving; wu wei and letting-go of attachment converge on yielding.
Confucianism Comparatively related: Confucius builds order through ritual and role; Laozi warns ritual calcifies and urges a return to ziran-spontaneity.

Tao Te Ching 道德经

Taoism · book
4 related cards

Confucianism 43 internal connections · 17 cross-tradition connections

Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong) 中庸

Confucianism · book

Golden Rule 己所不欲勿施于人

Confucianism · teaching
1 related cards
Ren Pedagogically related: The modern Golden Rule label helps connect the 12.2 and 15.24 reciprocity passages, but does not define Ren
Confucius Textually related: The Analects records Confucius stating the negative reciprocity maxim in two different scenes
Yi Pedagogically related: Yi is the inner sense of rightness that guides applying the golden rule
Doctrine of the Mean Interpretively related: The Mean guides the fitting application of the golden rule

Junzi 君子

Confucianism · concept
3 related cards
Ren Conceptually related: Ren belongs within the cultivated junzi ideal, but junzi is not a synonym for a person who has Ren
Confucius Conceptually related: The received Analects records Confucius discussing the junzi in passages such as 4.11, 4.16, and 7.26; this does not claim that he alone authored the compilation or invented the term.
Yi Conceptually related: Analects 4.16 contrasts the junzi's orientation toward yi with the xiaoren's orientation toward profit; this is one textual distinction, not a complete definition of Junzi by Yi.

Ren

Confucianism · concept
5 related cards
Junzi Conceptually related: Ren belongs within the cultivated junzi ideal, but junzi is not a synonym for a person who has Ren
Li Conceptually related: Ren and Li are related but distinct: humane quality and ritual/social form should not be collapsed into synonyms
Xiao Conceptually related: Youzi connects filial and fraternal respect with the basis or root of Ren
Shu Pedagogically related: Shu names a reciprocity practice connected with Ren, not a synonym for it
Golden Rule Pedagogically related: The modern Golden Rule label helps connect the 12.2 and 15.24 reciprocity passages, but does not define Ren
Mencius on Human Nature Conceptually related: Mencius describes the Four Sprouts as moral beginnings or tendencies associated with ren, yi, li, and zhi that require cultivation.
Confucius Textually related: The received Analects records Confucius discussing Ren in several question-and-answer scenes
Yi Interpretively related: Yi and ren are complementary Confucian virtues — humaneness expressed through right action
Zhi Interpretively related: Zhi is the wisdom needed to practice ren effectively
Xin Interpretively related: Xin is essential for authentic ren — trustworthiness in all relationships
Doctrine of the Mean Interpretively related: The Mean is the practical expression of ren in everyday situations
Mencius Pedagogically related: Mencius developed Confucius's concept of ren as one of the Four Seeds
Cheng (Sincerity) Interpretively related: Cheng complements ren as inner sincerity enables outer benevolence
Mozi Interpretively related: Mozi's impartial caring contrasted with Confucian graded love

Li 禮 / 礼

Confucianism · concept
1 related cards
Ren Conceptually related: Ren and Li are related but distinct: humane quality and ritual/social form should not be collapsed into synonyms
Confucius Interpretively related: Confucius taught Li as ritual propriety and social harmony
Doctrine of the Mean Interpretively related: Li (ritual propriety) structures the practice of the Mean
Mencius Pedagogically related: Mencius included li (ritual propriety) among the Four Seeds of virtue
Xunzi Interpretively related: Xunzi emphasized ritual (礼 li) as the tool for transforming human nature
Great Learning Interpretively related: The Great Learning belongs to later Confucian cultivation discourse and is related to li within broader Four Books interpretation.

Mencius on Human Nature 性善论

Confucianism · concept
Ren Conceptually related: Mencius describes the Four Sprouts as moral beginnings or tendencies associated with ren, yi, li, and zhi that require cultivation.
Confucius Interpretively related: Confucius's teachings on human nature were developed by Mencius
Confucius Interpretively related: Mencius developed Confucius's teachings on inherent human goodness
Zhi Conceptually related: Zhi is one of Mencius's four seeds of virtue
Mencius Historically related: Mencius's doctrine that human nature is inherently good
Xunzi Interpretively related: Xunzi's Xing E essay argues against the Mencian account of human nature in the later textual debate.

Shu

Confucianism · concept
1 related cards
Ren Pedagogically related: Shu names a reciprocity practice connected with Ren, not a synonym for it
Confucius Interpretively related: The Analects records Confucius answering about Shu in 15.24; this is a textual association, not a complete definition
Xin Interpretively related: Xin and shu both concern ethical relationship with others

Confucius 孔子

Confucianism · person
35 related cards
Ren Textually related: The received Analects records Confucius discussing Ren in several question-and-answer scenes
Junzi Conceptually related: The received Analects records Confucius discussing the junzi in passages such as 4.11, 4.16, and 7.26; this does not claim that he alone authored the compilation or invented the term.
Li Interpretively related: Confucius taught Li as ritual propriety and social harmony
Shu Interpretively related: The Analects records Confucius answering about Shu in 15.24; this is a textual association, not a complete definition
Xiao Interpretively related: Analects 1.2 discusses Xiao in relation to Ren in Youzi's saying; the passage should not be attributed to Confucius
Golden Rule Textually related: The Analects records Confucius stating the negative reciprocity maxim in two different scenes
Mencius on Human Nature Interpretively related: Confucius's teachings on human nature were developed by Mencius
Mencius on Human Nature Interpretively related: Mencius developed Confucius's teachings on inherent human goodness
Mencius Historically related: Mencius was the greatest early follower of Confucius
Xunzi Interpretively related: Xunzi develops a Confucian account centered on learning, ritual, deliberate activity, and cultivated order.
Great Learning Interpretively related: The Great Learning is rooted in Confucius's philosophy
Mozi Interpretively related: Mozi criticized and challenged Confucius

Xiao

Confucianism · concept
Ren Conceptually related: Youzi connects filial and fraternal respect with the basis or root of Ren
Confucius Interpretively related: Analects 1.2 discusses Xiao in relation to Ren in Youzi's saying; the passage should not be attributed to Confucius

Yi

Confucianism · concept
Ren Interpretively related: Yi and ren are complementary Confucian virtues — humaneness expressed through right action
Junzi Conceptually related: Analects 4.16 contrasts the junzi's orientation toward yi with the xiaoren's orientation toward profit; this is one textual distinction, not a complete definition of Junzi by Yi.
Golden Rule Pedagogically related: Yi is the inner sense of rightness that guides applying the golden rule
Mencius Pedagogically related: Mencius emphasized yi (righteousness) as intrinsic to human nature

Zhi

Confucianism · concept
Ren Interpretively related: Zhi is the wisdom needed to practice ren effectively
Mencius on Human Nature Conceptually related: Zhi is one of Mencius's four seeds of virtue
Wu Wei Comparatively related: Zhi in Confucianism parallels wu wei's intuitive wisdom in Taoism
Mencius Pedagogically related: Mencius included zhi (wisdom) among the Four Seeds of virtue

Xin

Confucianism · concept
Ren Interpretively related: Xin is essential for authentic ren — trustworthiness in all relationships
Shu Interpretively related: Xin and shu both concern ethical relationship with others

Doctrine of the Mean 中庸

Confucianism · concept
Ren Interpretively related: The Mean is the practical expression of ren in everyday situations
Li Interpretively related: Li (ritual propriety) structures the practice of the Mean
Yin Yang Comparatively related: The Mean harmonizes opposites, much like the balance of yin and yang
Golden Rule Interpretively related: The Mean guides the fitting application of the golden rule
Han Feizi Interpretively related: Han Feizi's realism contrasts with the Confucian doctrine of the mean
Cheng (Sincerity) Interpretively related: Cheng is central to the Doctrine of the Mean
Neo-Confucianism Interpretively related: The Doctrine of the Mean was key to Neo-Confucian metaphysics

Mencius 孟子

Confucianism · person
Confucius Historically related: Mencius was the greatest early follower of Confucius
Ren Pedagogically related: Mencius developed Confucius's concept of ren as one of the Four Seeds
Yi Pedagogically related: Mencius emphasized yi (righteousness) as intrinsic to human nature
Mencius on Human Nature Historically related: Mencius's doctrine that human nature is inherently good
Li Pedagogically related: Mencius included li (ritual propriety) among the Four Seeds of virtue
Zhi Pedagogically related: Mencius included zhi (wisdom) among the Four Seeds of virtue
Cheng (Sincerity) Interpretively related: Mencius developed the concept of cheng
Wang Yangming Interpretively related: Wang's concept of innate knowledge builds on Mencius

Xunzi 荀子

Confucianism · person
Han Feizi Interpretively related: Received histories associate Han Feizi with Xunzi's students; this does not establish direct intellectual causation.
Mencius on Human Nature Interpretively related: Xunzi's Xing E essay argues against the Mencian account of human nature in the later textual debate.
Confucius Interpretively related: Xunzi develops a Confucian account centered on learning, ritual, deliberate activity, and cultivated order.
Li Interpretively related: Xunzi emphasized ritual (礼 li) as the tool for transforming human nature

Great Learning 大学

Confucianism · text
2 related cards
Confucius Interpretively related: The Great Learning is rooted in Confucius's philosophy
Li Interpretively related: The Great Learning belongs to later Confucian cultivation discourse and is related to li within broader Four Books interpretation.
Neo-Confucianism Interpretively related: The Great Learning was central to Neo-Confucian education

Cheng (Sincerity)

Confucianism ·
Doctrine of the Mean Interpretively related: Cheng is central to the Doctrine of the Mean
Mencius Interpretively related: Mencius developed the concept of cheng
Ren Interpretively related: Cheng complements ren as inner sincerity enables outer benevolence
Confucianism Historically related: Core Confucian virtue
Wang Yangming Interpretively related: Wang's teachings on sincerity and knowledge

Wang Yangming 王阳明

Confucianism ·
Neo-Confucianism Interpretively related: Leading figure of Neo-Confucian School of Mind
Confucianism Interpretively related: Major Confucian philosopher
Zhu Xi Interpretively related: Wang challenged Zhu Xi's interpretation
Mencius Interpretively related: Wang's concept of innate knowledge builds on Mencius
Cheng (Sincerity) Interpretively related: Wang's teachings on sincerity and knowledge
Confucianism Historically related: Confucian philosopher
Neo-Confucianism Interpretively related: Wang Yangming's School of Mind

Confucianism 儒家

Confucianism · concept
Cheng (Sincerity) Historically related: Core Confucian virtue
Wang Yangming Interpretively related: Major Confucian philosopher
Wang Yangming Historically related: Confucian philosopher
Neo-Confucianism Interpretively related: Revival and transformation of Confucian philosophy
Mozi Interpretively related: Mozi was a rival to Confucius
Legalism Interpretively related: Confucianism and Legalism offer opposing visions of governance: moral cultivation versus strict law
Taoism Comparatively related: Confucius builds order through ritual and role; Laozi warns ritual calcifies and urges a return to ziran-spontaneity.
Stoicism Interpretively related: Both emphasize virtue cultivation — Confucian ren, li, and junzi vs Stoic wisdom, justice, courage, and temperance — but differ in social vs individual focus.

Analects 论语

Confucianism · book
Neo-Confucianism Interpretively related: The Analects remained foundational

Stoicism 17 internal connections · 10 cross-tradition connections

Dichotomy of Control

Stoicism · concept
3 related cards
Stoic Virtue Conceptually related: The dichotomy of control is the foundation for practicing Stoic virtue
Letting Go Comparatively related: The dichotomy of control parallels the practice of letting go in Eastern traditions
Letting Go Comparatively related: Letting go of what we cannot control parallels the dichotomy of control
Premeditatio Malorum Pedagogically related: Premeditatio malorum prepares one to accept what is outside one's control

Stoic Virtue

Stoicism · concept
25 related cards
Dichotomy of Control Conceptually related: The dichotomy of control is the foundation for practicing Stoic virtue
Memento Mori Conceptually related: Memento mori supports virtue by clarifying what truly matters
Logos Pedagogically related: Living according to logos is how Stoic virtue is expressed

Logos

Stoicism · concept
Stoic Virtue Pedagogically related: Living according to logos is how Stoic virtue is expressed

Memento Mori

Stoicism · practice
Stoic Virtue Conceptually related: Memento mori supports virtue by clarifying what truly matters
Premeditatio Malorum Pedagogically related: Premeditatio malorum is a broader practice that includes memento mori
Koan Interpretively related: Both use provocative questions/thoughts to confront fundamental truths about existence

Premeditatio Malorum

Stoicism · practice
Memento Mori Pedagogically related: Premeditatio malorum is a broader practice that includes memento mori
Dichotomy of Control Pedagogically related: Premeditatio malorum prepares one to accept what is outside one's control
Stillness Interpretively related: Both practices cultivate inner calm through mental preparation

Epictetus 埃皮克提图

Stoicism · person
Ataraxia Interpretively related: Epictetus taught the path to ataraxia
Stoic Sage Interpretively related: Epictetus described the sage

Seneca 塞内卡

Stoicism · person
Ataraxia Interpretively related: Seneca explored tranquility of mind
Stoic Sage Interpretively related: Seneca wrote about the wise person

Marcus Aurelius 马可·奥勒留

Stoicism · person
Ataraxia Interpretively related: Marcus Aurelius practiced ataraxia
Stoic Sage Interpretively related: Marcus Aurelius aspired to sagehood

Ataraxia 宁静

Stoicism ·
Stoicism Interpretively related: Central concept in Stoic philosophy
Epictetus Interpretively related: Epictetus taught the path to ataraxia
Marcus Aurelius Interpretively related: Marcus Aurelius practiced ataraxia
Seneca Interpretively related: Seneca explored tranquility of mind
Stoic Sage Interpretively related: The sage embodies ataraxia
Wu Wei Interpretively related: Comparable to the Daoist concept of effortless action
Stoicism Historically related: Hellenistic concept adopted by Stoicism
Stoic Sage Interpretively related: The sage enjoys perfect ataraxia

Stoic Sage 圣人

Stoicism ·
Ataraxia Interpretively related: The sage embodies ataraxia
Stoicism Interpretively related: Ideal of Stoic philosophy
Epictetus Interpretively related: Epictetus described the sage
Marcus Aurelius Interpretively related: Marcus Aurelius aspired to sagehood
Seneca Interpretively related: Seneca wrote about the wise person
Virtue Interpretively related: The sage embodies perfect virtue
Ataraxia Interpretively related: The sage enjoys perfect ataraxia
Stoicism Historically related: Regulative ideal in Stoic practice

Stoicism 斯多葛主义

Stoicism · concept
Ataraxia Interpretively related: Central concept in Stoic philosophy
Ataraxia Historically related: Hellenistic concept adopted by Stoicism
Stoic Sage Interpretively related: Ideal of Stoic philosophy
Stoic Sage Historically related: Regulative ideal in Stoic practice
Taoism Interpretively related: Taoism and Stoicism are both practical philosophies focused on living in harmony with the natural order
Buddhism Comparatively related: Epictetus and the Buddha both teach releasing judgment of what is beyond control; amor fati mirrors equanimity.
Tao Interpretively related: Both teach acceptance of what is — Stoic amor fati (love of fate) and Taoist wu wei (effortless action) — but from different frameworks: Stoic rational acceptance vs Taoist natural spontaneity.
Confucianism Interpretively related: Both emphasize virtue cultivation — Confucian ren, li, and junzi vs Stoic wisdom, justice, courage, and temperance — but differ in social vs individual focus.

Chinese Philosophy 9 internal connections · 23 cross-tradition connections

Five Elements (Wuxing) 五行

Chinese Philosophy · concept

Journey to the West 西游记

Chinese Philosophy · book

Yin Yang 阴阳

Chinese Philosophy · concept
2 related cards
Water Exemplifies: Water's adaptability embodies the dynamic balance of yin and yang
Change (I Ching) Conceptually related: Yin-yang is the foundational concept underlying the I Ching's system of change
Qi Interpretively related: Qi flows and transforms through the interaction of yin and yang
Doctrine of the Mean Comparatively related: The Mean harmonizes opposites, much like the balance of yin and yang
Taiji Interpretively related: Taiji is the undifferentiated source from which yin and yang arise

Hexagram

Chinese Philosophy · concept
1 related cards

Change (I Ching)

Chinese Philosophy · concept
64 related cards
Yin Yang Conceptually related: Yin-yang is the foundational concept underlying the I Ching's system of change
Taiji Interpretively related: The I Ching's philosophy of change is grounded in the movement of Taiji

Qi

Chinese Philosophy · concept
Tao Interpretively related: Qi is the dynamic manifestation of the Tao in living beings
Yin Yang Interpretively related: Qi flows and transforms through the interaction of yin and yang
Stillness Pedagogically related: Stillness practices cultivate and balance qi
Zuowang Pedagogically related: Zuowang meditation harmonizes the flow of qi

24 Solar Terms 二十四节气

Chinese Philosophy · concept
24 related cards

Legalism 法家

Chinese Philosophy · tradition
Han Feizi Interpretively related: Han Feizi is the most systematic Legalist philosopher
Han Feizi Interpretively related: Han Feizi is the defining philosopher of Legalism
Tao Interpretively related: Legalism and Taoism both emerged during the same Warring States period but offer opposing visions of governance
Confucianism Interpretively related: Confucianism and Legalism offer opposing visions of governance: moral cultivation versus strict law

Han Feizi 韩非子

Chinese Philosophy · person
Legalism Interpretively related: Han Feizi is the most systematic Legalist philosopher
Xunzi Interpretively related: Received histories associate Han Feizi with Xunzi's students; this does not establish direct intellectual causation.
Legalism Interpretively related: Han Feizi is the defining philosopher of Legalism
Doctrine of the Mean Interpretively related: Han Feizi's realism contrasts with the Confucian doctrine of the mean

Taiji 太极

Chinese Philosophy · concept
Yin Yang Interpretively related: Taiji is the undifferentiated source from which yin and yang arise
Change (I Ching) Interpretively related: The I Ching's philosophy of change is grounded in the movement of Taiji

Neo-Confucianism 理学

Chinese Philosophy ·
Wang Yangming Interpretively related: Leading figure of Neo-Confucian School of Mind
Confucianism Interpretively related: Revival and transformation of Confucian philosophy
Zhu Xi Interpretively related: Zhu Xi systematized Neo-Confucianism
Wang Yangming Interpretively related: Wang Yangming's School of Mind
Buddhism Interpretively related: Incorporated Buddhist metaphysical concepts
Taoism Interpretively related: Incorporated Daoist cosmological concepts
Great Learning Interpretively related: The Great Learning was central to Neo-Confucian education
Doctrine of the Mean Interpretively related: The Doctrine of the Mean was key to Neo-Confucian metaphysics
Analects Interpretively related: The Analects remained foundational
Chinese Philosophy Historically related: Major philosophical movement

Mozi 墨子

Chinese Philosophy ·
Confucianism Interpretively related: Mozi was a rival to Confucius
Confucius Interpretively related: Mozi criticized and challenged Confucius
Ren Interpretively related: Mozi's impartial caring contrasted with Confucian graded love
Chinese Philosophy Interpretively related: One of the Hundred Schools of Thought
Military Strategy Interpretively related: Mozi opposed aggressive warfare
Chinese Philosophy Historically related: Founder of Mohism

Chinese Philosophy 中国哲学

Chinese Philosophy · concept
Neo-Confucianism Historically related: Major philosophical movement
Mozi Interpretively related: One of the Hundred Schools of Thought
Mozi Historically related: Founder of Mohism

Virtue

Chinese Philosophy · concept
Stoic Sage Interpretively related: The sage embodies perfect virtue

Buddhism 9 internal connections · 9 cross-tradition connections

Mindfulness 正念

Buddhism · practice
Stillness Interpretively related: Stillness and mindfulness are complementary contemplative practices
Four Noble Truths Conceptually related: Mindfulness (sati) is the第七 factor of the Eightfold Path and a direct application of the truths
Eightfold Path Pedagogically related: Right Mindfulness (samma sati) is the seventh factor of the Eightfold Path
Bodhidharma Pedagogically related: Bodhidharma taught wall-gazing meditation as mindfulness practice
Samsara Interpretively related: Mindfulness practice is a path to liberation from samsara

Four Noble Truths 四圣谛

Buddhism · concept
Eightfold Path Conceptually related: The Fourth Noble Truth is the Eightfold Path — the practice that ends suffering
Mindfulness Conceptually related: Mindfulness (sati) is the第七 factor of the Eightfold Path and a direct application of the truths
Letting Go Interpretively related: Letting go of craving (the Second Truth) is essential to ending suffering
Karma Interpretively related: The Four Noble Truths explain the nature of karma and its cessation

Eightfold Path 八正道

Buddhism · concept
Four Noble Truths Conceptually related: The Fourth Noble Truth is the Eightfold Path — the practice that ends suffering
Mindfulness Pedagogically related: Right Mindfulness (samma sati) is the seventh factor of the Eightfold Path
Zazen Comparatively related: Zazen is a practice of Right Concentration — the eighth factor of the Eightfold Path
Wu Wei Comparatively related: Right Effort in Buddhism parallels wu wei's effortless action in Taoism
Karma Interpretively related: The Eightfold Path provides the ethical framework for wholesome karma
Nirvana Interpretively related: The Eightfold Path leads to nirvana

Siddhartha Gautama 悉达多·乔达摩

Buddhism · person

Samsara 轮回

Buddhism · concept
Karma Interpretively related: Karma is the driving force that sustains the cycle of samsara
Nirvana Interpretively related: Nirvana is liberation from the cycle of samsara
Mindfulness Interpretively related: Mindfulness practice is a path to liberation from samsara

Karma 因果

Buddhism · concept
Samsara Interpretively related: Karma is the driving force that sustains the cycle of samsara
Eightfold Path Interpretively related: The Eightfold Path provides the ethical framework for wholesome karma
Four Noble Truths Interpretively related: The Four Noble Truths explain the nature of karma and its cessation

Nirvana 涅槃

Buddhism · concept
Samsara Interpretively related: Nirvana is liberation from the cycle of samsara
Eightfold Path Interpretively related: The Eightfold Path leads to nirvana
Sudden Enlightenment Interpretively related: Nirvana is realized through the wisdom of enlightenment

Buddhism 佛教

Buddhism · concept
Neo-Confucianism Interpretively related: Incorporated Buddhist metaphysical concepts
Taoism Comparatively related: Laozi and the Buddha both counsel dropping forced striving; wu wei and letting-go of attachment converge on yielding.
Stoicism Comparatively related: Epictetus and the Buddha both teach releasing judgment of what is beyond control; amor fati mirrors equanimity.

Zen Buddhism 4 internal connections · 7 cross-tradition connections

Koan 公案

Zen Buddhism · practice
Sudden Enlightenment Pedagogically related: Koans are a tool for triggering sudden enlightenment
Memento Mori Interpretively related: Both use provocative questions/thoughts to confront fundamental truths about existence

Sudden Enlightenment 顿悟

Zen Buddhism · concept
Koan Pedagogically related: Koans are a tool for triggering sudden enlightenment
Zazen Comparatively related: Sudden enlightenment contrasts with gradual cultivation through zazen
Bodhidharma Pedagogically related: Bodhidharma's Chan emphasized direct, sudden awakening
Nirvana Interpretively related: Nirvana is realized through the wisdom of enlightenment

Zazen 坐禅

Zen Buddhism · practice
Stillness Pedagogically related: Zazen is the Zen practice of stillness
Sudden Enlightenment Comparatively related: Sudden enlightenment contrasts with gradual cultivation through zazen
Eightfold Path Comparatively related: Zazen is a practice of Right Concentration — the eighth factor of the Eightfold Path
Bodhidharma Historically related: Bodhidharma brought seated meditation (zazen) as the core Chan practice

Bodhidharma 菩提达摩

Zen Buddhism · person
Zazen Historically related: Bodhidharma brought seated meditation (zazen) as the core Chan practice
Sudden Enlightenment Pedagogically related: Bodhidharma's Chan emphasized direct, sudden awakening
Mindfulness Pedagogically related: Bodhidharma taught wall-gazing meditation as mindfulness practice
Stillness Pedagogically related: Bodhidharma's wall-gazing is a radical practice of inner stillness

Huineng 慧能

Zen Buddhism · person

Dogen 道元

Zen Buddhism · person

Zen (Chan Buddhism)

Zen Buddhism · tradition
Tao Interpretively related: Both value spontaneity and direct experience — Zen sudden enlightenment vs Taoist ziran (naturalness) — but from different philosophical foundations.

Military Strategy 8 internal connections · 3 cross-tradition connections

Art of War 孙子兵法

Military Strategy · text
36 related cards
Strategic Deception Interpretively related: The Art of War is the source text for the concept of Strategic Deception
Win Without Fighting Interpretively related: The Art of War teaches the principle of winning without fighting
Sun Tzu Interpretively related: The Art of War is traditionally attributed to Sunzi
Five Fundamentals Interpretively related: Core framework of the Art of War

Sun Tzu 孙子

Military Strategy · person
8 related cards
Art of War Interpretively related: The Art of War is traditionally attributed to Sunzi
Strategic Deception Interpretively related: Sun Tzu taught Strategic Deception as the basis of warfare
Win Without Fighting Interpretively related: Sun Tzu established winning without fighting as the supreme strategic principle
Five Fundamentals Interpretively related: Sun Tzu introduced the five fundamentals

Strategic Deception 兵者诡道

Military Strategy · concept
3 related cards
Win Without Fighting Pedagogically related: Strategic deception is the means to achieve victory without fighting
Art of War Interpretively related: The Art of War is the source text for the concept of Strategic Deception
Sun Tzu Interpretively related: Sun Tzu taught Strategic Deception as the basis of warfare

Win Without Fighting 不战而屈人之兵

Military Strategy · concept
2 related cards
Strategic Deception Pedagogically related: Strategic deception is the means to achieve victory without fighting
Art of War Interpretively related: The Art of War teaches the principle of winning without fighting
Sun Tzu Interpretively related: Sun Tzu established winning without fighting as the supreme strategic principle

Five Fundamentals 五事

Military Strategy ·
Sun Tzu Interpretively related: Sun Tzu introduced the five fundamentals
Art of War Interpretively related: Core framework of the Art of War
Stratagem Interpretively related: Foundation of strategic thinking
Military Strategy Interpretively related: Framework for strategic assessment
Military Strategy Historically related: Sun Tzu's strategic framework

Chinese Mythology

Mythical Creatures 神兽

Chinese Mythology · concept
42 related cards

Cross-tradition 11 cross-tradition connections

Letting Go 放下

Cross-tradition · practice
Dichotomy of Control Comparatively related: The dichotomy of control parallels the practice of letting go in Eastern traditions
Wu Wei Interpretively related: Letting go is the emotional dimension of wu wei
Dichotomy of Control Comparatively related: Letting go of what we cannot control parallels the dichotomy of control
Four Noble Truths Interpretively related: Letting go of craving (the Second Truth) is essential to ending suffering

Stillness

Cross-tradition · practice
3 related cards
Zuowang Pedagogically related: Zuowang is the Taoist practice of stillness
Zazen Pedagogically related: Zazen is the Zen practice of stillness
Mindfulness Interpretively related: Stillness and mindfulness are complementary contemplative practices
Qi Pedagogically related: Stillness practices cultivate and balance qi
Premeditatio Malorum Interpretively related: Both practices cultivate inner calm through mental preparation
Bodhidharma Pedagogically related: Bodhidharma's wall-gazing is a radical practice of inner stillness

Wu Xin (No-Mind) 无心

Cross-tradition · concept
Wu Wei Interpretively related: Wu wei (effortless action) and wu xin (no-mind) are related concepts spanning Taoism and Chan/Zen Buddhism

Cross-tradition entities bridging multiple traditions

Letting Go 放下

Cross-tradition · practice
Dichotomy of Control Comparatively related: The dichotomy of control parallels the practice of letting go in Eastern traditions
Wu Wei Interpretively related: Letting go is the emotional dimension of wu wei
Dichotomy of Control Comparatively related: Letting go of what we cannot control parallels the dichotomy of control
Four Noble Truths Interpretively related: Letting go of craving (the Second Truth) is essential to ending suffering

Stillness

Cross-tradition · practice
3 related cards
Zuowang Pedagogically related: Zuowang is the Taoist practice of stillness
Zazen Pedagogically related: Zazen is the Zen practice of stillness
Mindfulness Interpretively related: Stillness and mindfulness are complementary contemplative practices
Qi Pedagogically related: Stillness practices cultivate and balance qi
Premeditatio Malorum Interpretively related: Both practices cultivate inner calm through mental preparation
Bodhidharma Pedagogically related: Bodhidharma's wall-gazing is a radical practice of inner stillness

Wu Xin (No-Mind) 无心

Cross-tradition · concept
Wu Wei Interpretively related: Wu wei (effortless action) and wu xin (no-mind) are related concepts spanning Taoism and Chan/Zen Buddhism